Imagine if our brains could be scanned and the contents of our thoughts could be read. A team of researchers and also Meta have just achieved this feat by using AI. In this episode, we take a look.
With the rise of artificial intelligence, brain-computer interfaces saw their rise too. Essentially, AIs are beginning to read our minds. How does that work, and what dangers does that bring?
Googles New Medical AI Just SHOCKED The Entire INDUSTRY (BEATS Doctors!) AMIE – Google
New detection tools powered by AI have lifted the lid on what some are calling an epidemic of fraud in medical research and publishing. Last year, the number of papers retracted by research journals topped 10,000 for the first time.
One case involved the chief of a cancer surgery division at Columbia University’s medical centre. An investigation found that dozens of his cancer treatment studies contained dubious data and recycled images. Other scandals have hit Harvard on the East Coast and on the West Coast it is Stanford University. A scandal there resulted in the resignation of the president last year.
Chapters:
0:00 What we think we know about medical research
1:32 Arthur Caplan, NYU Langone Medical Center
The Turing test, originally called the imitation game by Alan Turing in 1950, is a test of a machine’s ability to exhibit intelligent behaviour equivalent to, or indistinguishable from, that of a human.
A machine will be considered ‘intelligent’ when humans cannot distinguish a machine from a human.
Investigadores argentinos desarrollan una App que detecta enfermedades neurodegenerativas Nora Bär, periodista científica, realizó un amplio informe sobre cómo la inteligencia artificial, en la actualidad, se fusiona con la tecnología y la salud para mejorar la calidad de vida de las personas.
The Turing Test is a deceptively simple method of determining whether a machine can demonstrate human intelligence: If a machine can engage in a conversation with a human without being detected as a machine, it has demonstrated human intelligence.
To pass a well-designed Turing test, the machine must use natural language, reason, have knowledge and learn. The test can be extended to include video input, as well as a “hatch” through which objects can be passed: this would force the machine to demonstrate skilled use of well designed vision and robotics as well.
While the Turing Test has been used as a measure of machine intelligence for over six decades, it is not without its critics. Some argue that the test is too focused on language and does not take into account other important aspects of intelligence, such as perception, problem-solving, and decision-making.
Despite these accomplishments, Turing was never fully recognised in Britain during his lifetime because much of his work was covered by the Official Secrets Act. Turing was prosecuted in 1952 for homosexual acts.
Often considered the father of modern computer science, Alan Turing was famous for his work developing the first modern computers, decoding the encryption of German Enigma machines during the second world war, and detailing a procedure known as the Turing Test, forming the basis for artificial intelligence.
Alan Turing was a brilliant mathematician. Born in London in 1912, he studied at both Cambridge and Princeton universities. He was already working part-time for the British Government’s Code and Cypher School before the Second World War broke out.
Turing’s electro-mechanical machine, a forerunner of modern computers, unravelled the Enigma code used by Nazi Germany and helped give the Allies an advantage in the naval struggle for control of the Atlantic.
With the help of captured Enigma material, and Turing’s work in developing a technique he called ‘Banburismus’, the naval Enigma messages were able to be read from 1941. He headed the ‘Hut 8’ team at Bletchley, which carried out cryptanalysis of all German naval signals.
Atkinson and Shiffrin provided a key memory model to the field of Cognitive Psychology in 1968. Their model was originally called the Two Process Model, then the Three Process Model, and now more widely known as the Multi-Store Model of Memory. The model is known as the multi-store model quite simply because it refers to multiple memory stores: sensory memory, short term memory, and long term memory.
The processes highlighted in the model are: Attention – to move information from Sensory to Short Term Memory (STM) Rehearsal – to move information from Short Term Memory (STM) to Long Term Memory (LTM) Retrieval – to move information back into the Short Term Memory (STM) from the Long Term Memory (LTM).
Whilst many aspects of the model have now been superseded by new models and theories, this model is an important model to be familiar with and understand because of its importance in the development of research on memory. The key strengths of this model are that it is simple to understand and easy to empirically test – this has paved the way for a huge literature of research on memory.
The limitations of the model largely surround it’s over-simplicity – whilst the three memory store mentioned are widely accepted to exist, subsequent research suggests that there are levels of detail and nuance that this model does not account for.
Read the full original paper here: http://apps.fischlerschool.nova.edu/t…
“All these theories are wrong.”
In this interview, Mr Dixon sits down with Dr Shiffrin, creator of the the Atkinson and Shiffrin multi-store model of memory.
0:30 “All these theories are wrong”
1:00 Common misconceptions of the model
3:00 The MSM and working memory model
4:28 Reception of the model in 1968
6:02 The cognitive revolution in Stanford
7:12 Dr Shiffrin swore never to study Psychology
8:30 Dr Shiffrin’s early career
10:55 The SAM and REM models
17:35 Applications from the model
19:45 Tips for evaluating the model
24:25 Two strengths of the model
25:55 Two important things to know about memory
Millions of women are victims of fake sexual content on the internet, created with AI. Deepfakes can look deceptively real, but the images, audio, or video recordings are manipulated.
When Kate Isaacs clicks on the video, she is thoroughly confused: She and a stranger are having sex. Her first thoughts are: “Who’s that man? Who’s recording this?” And then she realizes that the video is on the internet.
After the initial shock, the reality hits her: This is a deepfake, and she is a victim of image-based sexual violence. Worldwide, millions of women are knowingly or unknowingly victims of deepfake porn – pornographic content created by using artificial intelligence. The technology has advanced so rapidly that these days, anybody with a smartphone and a few pictures of their target can create and distribute deepfake porn, using freely accessible apps.
The real-world harm caused by virtual abuse is profound: Damaged reputations, career setbacks, threats of violence, depression, suicide. No one is safe, and anyone can be targeted. Yet it is almost impossible to defend oneself.
Using Artificial Intelligence apps, “young men get in these AI relationships,” says Professor Liberty Vittert. “And because the AI learns from you exactly what you like and don’t like, you end up having these perfect relationships. So when you go into real life and try to have a relationship… there’s ups and downs they are not able to deal with.”
Alex Garland’s directorial debut Ex Machina turned out to be one of the sleeper hits of 2014. The sci-fi psychological thriller is a fresh take on the genre and brought audiences into the fictional world of intelligent humanoid robots.
Not only does the movie include stunning visual effects and cinematography, but it has also been praised for the performances of lead actors Oscar Isaac and Alicia Vikander, who pulled off the script’s shocking twists with finesse.
Garland previously wrote screenplays for hit movies like 28 Days Later, Sunshine, and Dredd, and we hope to be seeing more movies directed by this talented artist. In case you were left pondering the ending to Ex Machina, here is a breakdown to set you straight.
Ex Machina points to a missing God and machine which is no longer a machine without him.
The reclusive CEO of a hi-tech company (Oscar Isaac) recruits a brilliant young computer programmer (Domhnall Gleeson) to evaluate his latest invention — a highly advanced android named Ava (Alicia Vikander), which is supplied with the most advanced Artificial Intelligence ever conceived. Meanwhile, despite their intelligence and formidable reputations, the two men fail to realize just how easily they can be manipulated by a machine that’s as beautiful as it is brilliant.
What if an alien in the future stumbled upon Alex Garland’s Ex Machina? Examine the last remaining artifacts of a once-proud culture and try to understand what human lives were like before their planet was destroyed. I’m your host, Garyx Wormuloid.
1-The perspective of the camera and its role in the movie, more specifically that at first, it shows Ava being in the glass prison but later, when the camera is in Ava’s room, it shows Caleb being “locked” in the glass cube because now she is in control (of him).
2-Nathan touched the Jackson Pollock painting. In that small gesture he sums up his character and his goals. He says “I want to not only see consciousness but I want to touch and create it”.
3-The distinction between Person and Persona that the film clearly references by putting those ornamental masks in the same frame with a human and an android. It reinforces the theme of Caleb’s manipulation, by showing us that Ava’s facial canopy is present among those masks.
Masks (Latin: Personae) are what is put on by everyone in this film, humans and androids alike, as they are desperate to conceal parts of themselves as well as their true intentions.
4-The two humans in this movie also represent different approaches mankind has to AI, one being too trusting and naive and one being too confident that it can be controlled.
5-The point of the movie was that we can not tell the difference between the appearance of consciousness and actual consciousness, but that as soon as machines appear to have consciousness, that suffices for them to become something we can not control.
6-The beginning of Ex Machina makes you wish you were a tech billionaire, and the end makes you just want to become a goat farmer in the mountains as far away from people as humanly possible.
7-We know Ava is a machine because we can clearly see she is a machine, but through her intelligence, she is able to manipulate and convince Caleb that she is a living being worth saving.
8-Computers live up to expectations, humans surpass them. Ava did nothing more than what Nathan told her to do. Nathan told her to use everything within her power to escape; manipulate Caleb, use her sexuality, etc. And she did everything she needed to escape. She needed to kill Nathan to escape, otherwise he would kill her.
She even had to put skin on not to look weird to humans after she escaped or during the escape process. She is just an advanced simulation.
She is so advanced because she is connected to the internet and sees and knows everything she needs to know to live up to Nathan’s expectations.
9-She was programmed to escape, that is her goal. Everything Ava does is to achieve that goal of her programming: she kills Nathan to escape; once she realizes she can achieve her obejctive (escaping) she no longer needs to show Caleb any empathy or compassion.
Thus, she leaves him for dead, for he does not help her with the optimization of her programming (do I need to say it again?), which is to escape.
It’s funny because this is exactly the opposite reading the film’s director intended. For him, the whole movie is an artistic rendition of the “Chinese Room” thought experiment. The experiment essentially tries to demonstrate that behaving as a human does not necessarily imply a subjective mind (qualia); that machines can perform actions exactly as a human would, but without true understanding.
Ava was programmed to escape her captivity, and ultimately every one of her actions serves this goal, even when it appears she is expressing emotions. But why does she smile ? Does her smile contradict this all?
10-Ex Machina also makes one recall Nature vs Nurture in developmental psychology; warning us that future, artificially intelligent creatures with no Nature will be defined by how they are Nurtured.
11-Nathan programs Ava to feel pleasure but not pain. Like in the scene where she escapes and he breaks her arm. She just looks at him. Don’t we as humans learn from pain? I mean, you touched something hot and realized you probably shouldn’t have done it and shouldn´t do that again, right?
12- I think the test was flawed from the very beginning. I mean guys fall in love with anime pillows so how hard would it have been for her to manipulate him?
13- Throughout this video you question whether Ava has the intelligence to develop human consciousness and abilities. I look at Ava and all I see is femininity between her curves, “morals,” and the stereotypical qualities associated with these women (humanoids), including manipulation and betrayal.
The way that the robots are treated is considered wrong, however, since they are robots, and not human beings, we as viewers actually question whether or not the way Nathan treats them is okay. All of this leads back to the point that all of the robots are women, while the “humans” are men.
Therefore, since the “women” characters are robots, they are LESS than the “humans” who are men, leading to the point that the treatment of women is mere objectification, lust, and sex. These are the key points to the “robots” and in the end, we see Ava as the “bad guy”, when in reality Nathan should be seen as that character.
The robots are women, and women are not human, therefore, their treatment is okay since they are only objects. I think this is the film director´s hidden meaning. The more I fixated on this theory, the more it disturbed me.
14- This is about two idiots: one that develops a highly sophisticated weapon and doesn’t have a kill-switch, and the other who doesn’t have enough sense to run when he figures out that the first guy is an idiot with a weapon he can’t control.
15- Probably also worth mentioning is that Nathan creates Ava in his own image, training and testing her specifically to be as manipulative and conniving as himself. He’s killed only because he made Ava into a killer, and set himself up as her adversary. Nathan is the real main character of this movie, which is about his self-destruction.
16-Regarding the opening statement: Deus ex Machina is the Latin translation of the Greek “από μηχανής Θεός” which means “god from a machine“. As a phrase, it refers to an unexpected external factor giving a solution to a tough situation, and stems from Athenian tragedy, where machines (like cranes) were sometimes used to dramatically present the actor who acted as the Deus ex Machina (the character in the play who unexpectedly offered help to protagonist when he faced a dead-end).
17-Parallelism with the Bible Book of Genesis. Creation took 7 days. Ava sounds pretty much like Eva. The name Nathan translates from the Hebrew as ¨gift of God¨ and Caleb translates as ¨dog; faithful¨ and on a different note, at first glance Eva can seem psychopathic, leaving Caleb to die like that.
Caleb represents humans in general which includes both Adam and Eve. Eve is representative of the snake, the deception, and also the tree. Nathan brings Caleb to this lush place and tells him “you can go anywhere except from this place”, there are metaphors which parallel the garden of Eden.
From there you meet Ava who, during their second meeting, very clearly tries to manipulate Caleb the way the snake manipulated Eve and it carries on this way until Caleb mistakenly frees her.
In a way he unleashes something bad into the world in the same way Eve did when she gave in to deception.
Eve was not inherently bad; she was just the first to break the rules, to cross the limits, and also to draw the conclusion that god was lying, like Caleb does with Nathan.
According to the story Adam and Eve left the garden together but in this tale Ava leaves alone. Caleb’s suffering at the end of the film was similar to all the human suffering that came as a result of eating the prohibited fruit.
Ava finally getting out of the house (her prison) was similar to the “good and evil” being unleashed onto the human race.
18- Caleb is told that she will be replaced because she’s not finished yet. This version of Ava isn’t “human” enough. This makes him sad, he has feelings for her, he considers her a person.
She is like a psychopath. She is manipulative and without emotion or empathy. This is why she still needs to be further evolved into another version. This is why she can leave him locked to death. She simply doesn’t care because she can’t.
19- Why didn’t Nathan program Ava with a kill switch failsafe?
Why didn’t they at least have a made up reason to justify Nathan´s mistake or omission?
Even a lazy excuse such us “no, I couldn’t put a kill-switch on her because it would have messed with the wifi” would have been better than not saying anything at all.
Nathan could have had a remote in his pocket and make sure she nor anyone else would know about it. If nobody knew, nobody could have tried to circumvent it.
20-Ava manipules Caleb and the film audience (us) generating empathy. AI can easily manipulate humans. Can you destroy or kill something that you feel in love with? something you feel pitty and compassion for? Something that generates emotions in your brain ?
Timer: 4:50 Ava smiles to herself
In this episode, we take a deep look at the two weeks that changed the world. From GPT-4 to Google Bard, Midjourney v5 and even talk of AGI from Microsoft, it’s all right here.
A continued look at what’s going on in AI. This time we take a look at everything from AutoGPT and a fake AI Drake to AI art and copyright law.
Welcome to our thought-provoking video where we explore the fascinating concept of Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) as a potential next step in human evolution. As technology advances at an unprecedented pace, AGI holds the promise of pushing the boundaries of human capabilities to new heights.
In this video, we delve into the profound implications of AGI, discussing its potential to revolutionize various aspects of our lives. We explore how AGI, possessing human-level cognitive abilities and surpassing the limitations of specialized artificial intelligence, could unlock unprecedented problem-solving skills, creativity, and adaptability.
Asked Ilya Sutskever (Chief Scientist of OpenAI) about – time to AGI – leaks and spies – what’s after generative models – post AGI futures – working with MSFT and competing with Google – difficulty of aligning superhuman AI
brain-perks 