What is CERN hadron collider? Is something EVIL happening at CERN ? / Big Cosmos Secrets

6 Jul 2022

The world’s largest and most powerful particle accelerator is up and running again in Switzerland after a three-year refurbishment. And it is off to a record-breaking start as scientists try to unlock the secrets surrounding the building blocks of the universe. Physicists hope it will reveal the secrets of “dark matter” that makes up 85 percent of our universe, but does not absorb, reflect or emit light.

8 Apr 2024

Physicists worldwide brimmed with anticipation as they witnessed the long-awaited activation of the most advanced high-energy particle collider at CERN. After patiently waiting for decades, they finally beheld this remarkable invention, poised to transform our comprehension of the universe. Join us as we delve into the mysterious events unfolding within the hallowed halls of CERN, where science and the unknown collide. What secrets lie hidden in the subatomic depths? Brian Cox unravels the enigma, revealing a tale that defies explanation.

13 Jan 2024

CERN Scientists Break Silence On Terrifying New Discovery That Changes Everything

CERN has made headlines yet again. The renowned laboratory for particle physics has announced a rather unprecedented discovery made by their Large Hadron Collider that may likely cause a shift in our understanding of the universe. Scientists have reported that these anomalous readings could signal the existence of extraterrestrial life in a parallel universe. In This video, we will be discussing the just-announced CERN discovery that changes everything.

In a recent experiment with the Large Hadron Collider, CERN scientists noticed something strange with a particular kind of quark. Quarks are the building blocks of all matter and are of different types. Physicists call the different types ‘flavours’.

Some of these so-called flavours of quarks were extremely unstable and decayed rapidly. The subject of this particular anomaly was the beauty quark, which has an average lifespan of one and a half trillionths of a second. It turned out that the quark’s decay pattern was radically different from what scientists predicted based on the standard model.

Based on their predictions, when a beauty quark decays, it should be influenced by the weak force and transform into what is called leptons, which is a set of lighter particles, either an electron or a muon, with the standard model predicting a 50-50 chance for both particles.

But what the data from the Large Hadron Collider was showing was relatively different. The data showed that these quarks decay into muons only seventy percent as often as they decayed into electrons.

6 Apr 2024

CERN is turning the Large Hadron Collider back on April 8th, the same day as a Total Solar Eclipse. Are the rumours regarding this event simply a conspiracy theory? The information in this video should help answer questions like: Is CERN trying to open a portal to the spiritual world or to hell? What is the large hadron collider? Should we be worried about the Higgs Boson (or god particle)? Let’s dive in and find out.

12 Aug 2020

Let’s roll back a few days. This is CERN, the Nuclear Research laboratory on the border of France and Switzerland. It features the most powerful particle accelerator on Earth, the Large Hadron Collider, or LHC. What does it do? It accelerates and collides particles at 99.99% of the speed of light. And maybe, it could produce the very first lab-grown black hole. How big would that black hole be? What precautions would you need to take not to get sucked in it? And how long would it take it to destroy the entire planet?

An expanding universe | where is the universe expanding into ? | ELT & ESL tasks

 

The universe began in a Big Bang nearly fourteen billion years ago, and has been expanding ever since. But how does the universe expand and what is it expanding into? Sajan Saini explains the existing theories around the Big Bang and what, if anything, lies beyond our universe.

1-When astronomer Edwin Hubble completed his survey of the night sky, what strange discovery did he make?

a-In the northern hemisphere, all distant galaxies are receding

b-All distant stars are moving towards the Earth

c-All distant galaxies are receding from the Earth

d-All distant galaxies are moving towards the Earth

2-What do Hubble’s observations tell us about the universe?

a-The universe is expanding at an accelerating rate, over time

b-The universe is expanding unto itself

c-The Cosmic Microwave Background is a relic from the early universe

d-The universe is cooling, over time

3-Which of the following is predicted by eternal inflation?

a-The universe is part of a greater multiverse in which there are parallel universes identical to our own

b-The universe is part of a greater multiverse in which bubble universes inflate over time

c-The universe is part of a greater multiverse in which bubble universes randomly form and merge

d-The universe is part of a greater multiverse in which bubble universes are isolated by a rapidly inflating reality

4-Which of the following is predicted by brane cosmology?

a-Brane universes may interact with one another by sharing certain fundamental forces, such as gravity

b-Brane universes may interact with one another by means of cosmic strings

c-Brane universes are part of a greater hyperspace in which branes randomly form and merge

d-Brane universes are formed within the subatomic realm of particle physics

5-If a so-called “echo” interference effect is observed in the Cosmic Microwave Background, this would strongly support which speculative theory?

a-The Big Bang

b-Cosmic inflation

c-Eternal inflation

d-Brane cosmology

6-Einstein’s equations of General Relativity reveal that within galaxies the force of gravity locally overpowers cosmic expansion, while in the intergalactic void expansion reigns supreme. Recent measurements similar to Hubble’s original observations have revealed the expansion of the universe is accelerating: a mysterious dark energy has been attributed to increasing the rate of expansion, over time. What might this mean for the final fate of galaxies, as the universe continues to expand?

7-Eternal inflation suggests a multiverse wherein our particular universe is subject to the anthropic principle: the fundamental physical constants of our universe necessarily attained values that inevitably led to the formation galaxies, stars and planets, and life. Critics of eternal inflation argue the principle represents a non-scientific truism for a fine-tuned universe, tantamount to intelligent design; supporters argue we can still ascertain something about an ensemble of potential universes beyond our own. What do you think? Might the anthropic principle ultimately limit our ability to model the birth of our universe?

8-Whereas one class of speculative cosmology theories, such as eternal inflation, may be tested by fine astronomy measurements of heavenly phenomena such as the Cosmic Microwave Background, theories such as brane cosmology are tested by both astronomy and high energy physics experiments. Given the origins of brane cosmology, does the telescope or the particle accelerator seem the more instrumental tool to test theoretical predictions? Why?

 

Task 2.  Research, Writing & Speaking.

Additional Resources for you to Explore

A sound scientific theory foretells new experimental results, and Hubble’s observation of galactic recession led to a Big Bang theory that predicted the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) and cosmic abundance of hydrogen and helium. This birthed the discipline of cosmology—the study of the life, evolution, and death of the universe.

This TED-Ed video by T. Whyntie briefly describes the early universe, and this online article elaborates on NASA’s cosmic timeline for the era. NASA’s Universe 101 webpage gives a concise introduction to the CMB.

Hubble’s landmark 1929 article infers the relative motion of faraway galaxies by measuring their Doppler Effect: see this Physics Classroom lesson to learn about Doppler redshift.

Ethan Siegel’s science blog explains how the cosmic expansion observed by Hubble can’t happen everywhere in the universe, thanks to the influence of gravity within or between nearby galaxies. This New Scientist article describes how Einstein’s equations of General Relativity (GR) interpret gravity as a literal curvature in spacetime (here’s twelve key insights).

This article and podcast episode by astrophysicist Paul Sutter consider how spacetime curvature relates to the universe having no edge. The TED-Ed video by R. Hlozek examines how the curvature of the universe determines its ultimate fate. The online multimedia textbook Earth and Space Science by astronomy educator Jeffrey Bennett gives an instructive introduction to the observable universe, and our place in it.

Despite the pervasive success of the Big Bang theory, fundamental questions remain unanswered on the formation of galaxies and temperature uniformity in
the observable universe. The cosmic inflation paradigm offers an elegant resolution with a profound hypothesis that straddles quantum physics and GR—but it comes at a price, as most of its models imply an eternally inflating multiverse. This Nautilus article by Amanda Gefter deftly reviews how eternal inflation has spurred intense debate about cosmic inflation itself, even as most experts are still in consensus on its likelihood. If you’re feeling adventurous, tackle the introduction to a review paper on eternal inflation by Alan Guth, creator of inflationary theory. And this article at the Early Universe blog predicts characteristics in the CMB for the extreme unlikely scenario of a collision between adjacent bubble universes.

While the inflation paradigm addresses questions on the galactic scale, cosmology’s study of the early hot universe aligns with the subatomic focus of particle physics. Brane cosmology reconciles particle string theories and proposes a multiverse model with potentially interacting brane universes. These interactions may be tested for by turning away from telescopes that look out to the stars, in favor of particle accelerators that focus in on the subatomic realm. That said, this TED-Ed video on detecting dark matter by R. Landua reveals some of the incredible technical challenges in high energy accelerator experiments.

Where might it all lead? The TED-Ed video by C. Anderson briefly explores possible sizes for the multiverse, and two Scientific American articles (by Ellis,
Vilenkin & Tegmark) underscore the testable boundaries of these interpretations.

Getting back to our universe: in the 1990s, a more sophisticated version of Hubble’s experiment revealed the rate of cosmic expansion isn’t constant with time. A mysterious “dark energy,” is accelerating the expansion of the universe. The TED-Ed video by J. Gillies reviews attempts to identify dark matter and dark energy. Challenge yourselves further with a Resonance review article by Das Gupta that examines how the ad hoc inclusion of a cosmological constant inadvertently represents the effects of dark energy.

Einstein ruefully called the cosmological constant his “greatest blunder.” Today, it models our accelerating universe, and may help interpret the universe’s relation to what may exist beyond…

Sajan Saini is a former materials scientist and science writer. He directs the educational curriculum for AIM Photonics Academy at MIT. He has written for Coda Quarterly, MIT Ask an Engineer, and Harper’s Magazine. Learn about Sajan here.

Raman Sundrum is a professor of Theoretical Physics at the University of Maryland, College Park. His research ranges from subatomic particle physics to cosmology; his best-known work addresses the theory and experimental repercussions of higher-dimensional spacetime. Learn about Raman here.

Jeffrey Bennett is an astrophysicist and former NASA scientist. He is lead author of textbooks in astronomy, astrobiology, math & statistics, books for the general public, and six children’s books that have been read from the International Space Station. Learn about Jeffrey here.

Laura Blecha is a professor in the Department of Physics at the University of Florida. Her research group uses computer simulations to study supermassive black holes at the center of galaxies. Learn about Laura here.

Task 3.  Discussion, Writing & Speaking.

Testing exotic theories for a multiverse require costly space telescopes and particle accelerators. Can these cosmic inquiries help illuminate more pressing real-world challenges, such as infectious disease, climate change, etc? How so?

comment 1:

The different theories that have been designed throughout history have served to predict or explain some phenomena that directly or indirectly have served for others. So it is likely that such theories can help explain the phenomena that occur on earth.

comment 2:    In my opinion in some areas if you could know thanks to these instruments such as climate change, it would help us to know lonely storms, in other areas such as astrology would allow us to know about the universe, maybe in the future you will find a planet that attach more to us, maybe you will discover different things, in the aspect of diseases maybe if these are because of the air, the sun, because if it is not, it may not be useful.

In conclusion if the devices to investigate the universe serve us, but only in different aspects it is not all, and in some cases they take years, until finally it is verified

 

comment 3:   I think that the real live is not different to the comics because if some human go to Mars and in Mars exist live we would be like superhero because the gravity is few we have more force that the live in Mars, and if we think that we can think in all, like the multiverse

 

 

Higgs Boson theory explained in a simply way | ELT & ESL activities

 

In 2012, scientists at CERN discovered evidence of the Higgs boson. The what? The Higgs boson is one of two types of fundamental particles and is a particular game-changer in the field of particle physics, proving how particles gain mass. Using the Socratic method, CERN scientists Dave Barney and Steve Goldfarb explain the exciting implications of the Higgs boson.

Task 1.  Comprehension.  Watch the video and answer the questions:

1- Which of the following is an elementary particle?

a-Proton

b-Electron

c-Neutron

d-Pion

2- Where is the Higgs field located?

a-In the middle of high energy collisions in the LHC

b-It doesn’t exist any more; it was only around for a fraction of a second after the Big Bang

c-It is all around us, pervading the whole Universe

3- What is the Higgs boson?

a-An excitation of the Higgs field, proving the field exists

b-The particle that gives mass to all other particles

c-A cherry in a milkshake

d-The carrier of the strong force

4- Has the Standard Model Higgs boson been discovered?

a-Yes

b-Yes, but we lost it somewhere

c-Maybe, but we need more data to know for sure

d-No

5- What are bosons?

a-Particles that carry forces

b-Particles that form all known matter

c-Particles that have no mass

d-Particles found only in ice cream

6- If the Higgs field didn’t exist, what would be the consequence for our Universe?

a-Nothing would be any different to what it is today

b-Stars would quickly burn-out, not allowing enough time for life to evolve

c-There would not be any “substance” to the Universe: no planets, no stars, no milkshakes…

7- Who, other than Peter Higgs, developed the concept of what is commonly called the “Higgs field”?

8- What would be the consequence of the elementary particles having different masses from the ones that they actually have? As examples, consider the electron and the W bosons….

9- If the thing that ATLAS and CMS have discovered turns out not to be the Higgs boson predicted by the Standard Model, what could be the consequences? What might it be signs of?

 

Task 2.  Research, Writing & Speaking.

Additional Resources for you to Explore

A selection of resources for understanding a little more about the discovery of the Higgs boson and what it means:

The web sites of ATLAS, CMS and CERN all have an extensive set of materials concerning the discovery, the technology used, and the next steps
The IPPOG collection of multi-lingual education & outreach materials includes, for example, a movie showing how the Universe would be different if particle masses were different.

Two papers were published in Physics Letters B, by ATLAS and CMS, on the observation of a new boson at a mass of about 125 GeV, and a more accessible version was published in Science Magazine at the end of 2012

Some of the history around the development of the Higgs field can be found in a public seminar at CERN by Prof. Frank Close and in his book “The Infinity Puzzle”
An animation from PhD Comics: “The Higgs Boson Explained,” by Jorge Cham
A video from Sixty Symbols: “Talking About The Higgs Boson”
An animated video: “The ATLAS Boogie” humorously describes the process of finding the Higgs using music

A New York Times selection of books about the Higgs Boson:
o “Massive: The Missing Particle That Sparked the Greatest Hunt in Science,” by Ian Sample (Basic Books)
o “Higgs: The Invention and Discovery of the ‘God Particle,’ ” by Jim Baggott (Oxford University Press)
o “Higgs Discovery: The Power of Empty Space,” by Lisa Randall (Bodley Head)
o “The Particle at the End of the Universe: How the Hunt for the Higgs Boson Leads Us to the Edge of a New World,” by Sean Carroll (Dutton)
o “The God Particle: If the Universe Is the Answer, What Is the Question?” by Leon Lederman with Dick Teresi (Delta)
o “The Fabric of the Cosmos: Space, Time, and the Texture of Reality,” by Brian Greene (Vintage)

Visit the TED-Ed Blog for more information about the collaboration between TED-Ed and CERN.

Task 3.  Discussion, Writing & Speaking.

1- Why do you think human beings feel compelled to do basic research?

What would happen if we stopped?

comment 1: I think it is our greatest ability and our only way to survive.

comment 2:   I agree, I believe our ability to research and understand our surroundings has led to our survival and continuation as a species. Also, humans have a certain need, curiosity, and drive to find the origin if the universe and where we come from. I don’t believe that our ability to do this will stop, maybe if a conclusion is reached on questions of the universe, it may stop.

comment 3:  (Sometimes) to learn means seeing beyond of the things that you can merely look. It can involve going deeper and and deeper in the stuff that is already “done” and is “nonsense” to keep looking at. If we stopped from “poking around” the “obvious stuff” we would be closing a lot of doors in the understanding of life, in the understanding of the universe.

2- Why is the discovery of the Higgs boson important?

In fact, why is any “basic research” important at all? Shouldn’t scientists concentrate on studies with direct everyday uses and consequences?

comment 1:

If we can discover the Higgs boson, the most important atom of them all, who knows what we could learn or use from it. the possibilities would be endless.

comment 2:   It is important because now scientists know which particles carries forces and is a clue to how the universe was created, it gives us a clue to see which theories may be correct

 

comment 3:   If the Higgs is actually proven to be present, new pathways of exploration and understanding will now be available for further research. New ways to go about calculating and explaining our universe will be open with the presence of the Higgs particle.